When a child begins to cough, sneeze, his temperature rises, his parents begin to treat him for a cold. But sometimes similar symptoms can appear with serious diseases, in some cases hospitalization is required.
Even if the child does not go to kindergarten, school, and sits at home with his grandmother or mother, at the first sign of illness, you need to show him to the pediatrician. An experienced doctor will ask you to take tests and, based on them, will be able to make the correct diagnosis, start treatment on time.
It is not so much the illnesses themselves that are dangerous, but their complications that may appear if the necessary medicines are not taken in time.
10. Scarlet fever
Children's disease (children up to 10 years old are ill), which in adults most often proceeds in an erased form: a small sore throat, sometimes a pale rash. Symptoms may appear 2-10 days after talking with sick children or carriers of infection.
The disease begins acutely. A sharp increase in temperature, weakness, headache, with severe intoxication, vomiting appears. It hurts him to swallow, his throat is red. The tongue is first covered with a grayish-white coating, and after 4-5 days it becomes raspberry. On day 1 or 2, a rash appears on the face.
In some patients, a rash may be absent or may appear on the 3-4th day of the disease. After 3-5 days, the child becomes better, the symptoms go away, and by the beginning of the second week they completely disappear. But the skin begins to peel on the palms or feet.
9. Angina
A group of diseases in which the tonsils are inflamed most often due to group A streptococcus or other pathogens. Streptococcus is dangerous in that it affects the kidneys and heart. Therefore, it is so important to get treatment on time, drink a course of antibiotics.
The likelihood of getting sick increases if the child’s immunity is lowered, he froze, has recently had SARS. Symptoms appear after 0.5 -3 days after infection. They can be different, depending on the type of tonsillitis.
With catarrhal temperature is insignificant, the throat is red. The child will either recover in 1-2 days, or the disease will change to another form.
If it is a follicular or lacunar tonsillitis, then the temperature can rise to 39-40 degrees, headache, weakness, muscles and joints hurt.
The child should take antibacterial drugs, gargle, drink plenty. The course of treatment usually does not exceed 7 days.
8. Whooping cough
The disease is very dangerous, especially if it is diagnosed in children under 1 year old. Pediatricians advise to be vaccinated on time, which will prevent the development of the disease, especially since whooping cough is very contagious. After contact with the patient, 70-90% of children become ill.
If an adult or teenager becomes infected, the disease can occur without any symptoms other than a constant dry cough, and whooping cough often remains undiagnosed. From adults, a small child can catch the infection if he has not been vaccinated with DTP on time.
The incubation period is 3-14 days. At the initial stage, whooping cough is difficult to distinguish from a common cold: runny nose, mild dry cough, low temperature, well-being. Later, the cough becomes strong and stubborn.
After 2-14 days, a period of spasmodic cough begins with a whistling sound. The attacks are very strong, at this time the patient's face turns red, hemorrhages may appear. This period lasts from 3 to 4 weeks, after which recovery begins.
7. Rotovirus infection
Most often diagnosed in children, almost all babies get sick in the first 5 years of life. The infection is transmitted through toys, dirty hands, food.
Symptoms make themselves felt after 0.5 -5 days, the disease begins acutely. At first, the temperature rises to 38 -39 ºC, nausea and vomiting are worrying. Stomach ache, stool becomes liquid, yellow-green, with a pungent odor, stool frequency - from 3 to 20 times a day.
The child becomes weak, pale, his head hurts. The disease is dangerous because the baby loses a lot of fluid due to diarrhea and vomiting.
When these symptoms appear, you need to urgently call a doctor, and in severe cases (frequent diarrhea and vomiting) - an ambulance. The child must be given a rehydron every 5 minutes and follow other doctor's instructions.
6. False croup
This is a very dangerous condition, which most often occurs in children 4-5 years old. The disease progresses rapidly, and without medical help, the baby may suffocate. Therefore, when these symptoms appear, immediately call an ambulance. Fortunately, false croup is not diagnosed in all children, but in babies with a special structure of the larynx or with a weakened body.
Boys are sick 3 times more often than girls. Appears on 2 or 3 days after infection with the flu or other viral infection. The child’s breathing becomes noisy, his voice hoarse, and the cough becomes barking, and shortness of breath worries him before these symptoms appear.
5. Rubella
Airborne viral infection. The first signs appear 10-25 days after infection. The disease begins like a common cold: a slight runny nose and red throat, weakness. Lymph nodes increase.
Then a rash appears. In most patients, pink or red spots are first visible on the face and neck, and then spread throughout the body, with the exception of the sole and palms. During the rash, the temperature is either normal or slightly elevated. The rash disappears after 4 days.
A disease is not dangerous unless a pregnant woman is infected. In this case, the fetus will either die, or the child will be born with abnormalities.
4. Measles
A viral disease that appears 1-2 weeks after infection. It starts like a normal flu: fever, chills, headache, weakness. Dry cough, conjunctivitis worries.
After 3-5 days, the temperature drops, but then rises again, and inside the cheeks there are white patches. After this, a rash appears: first on the head, then spreads to the face and neck, on day 2 - on the body, on 3 - on the legs. 7-10 days after the onset of the disease, the recovery period begins.
3. Chickenpox
Chicken pox usually gets sick only 1 time, after which there is a stable immunity. But sometimes she gets infected again. The incubation period is from 1 to 3 weeks. In children, the disease is easy; in adults, there may be severe fever, chills, headache, and sometimes nausea.
Sometimes in babies, rashes appear without additional symptoms. First, red spots are visible on the skin, which then turn into papules filled with a clear liquid.
Often there is severe itching, but it is impossible to comb the skin, otherwise scars will remain. New elements of the rash may appear 3-8 days, then recovery begins.
2. Tuberculosis
A chronic disease that can develop after contact with sick people or animals, birds. If a person has reduced immunity, the body cannot resist bacteria.
Symptoms of the disease can be different, depending on the clinical form. But over time, all patients develop weakness, they lose weight, lose their appetite, constantly sweat.
With lung damage, there is also a cough that cannot be cured. It is difficult to cope with advanced tuberculosis. Therefore, children are regularly given a Mantoux test, and adults are asked to undergo fluorography in order to diagnose and cure it in a timely manner.
1. Polio
Due to this viral infection, the child may develop paralysis, which can lead to disability or death. There are several types of polio. In most cases, the visceral form occurs. The patient may develop a fever, headache, abdominal pain and diarrhea, but after 3-7 days he will fully recover.
If this is a paralytic form, then the disease resembles a common cold: sore throat, runny nose, fever. Then the spine and extremities begin to hurt, on the 3rd-6th day the patient paralyzes his legs. To prevent this dangerous disease, it is better to take a routine vaccine.